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espanolEl azafran cultivado en Espana esta adquiriendo relevancia en las ultimas decadas como producto de gran calidad, lo que requiere la seleccion de cormos (sus organos reproductivos) sanos para la plantacion con el objetivo de mantener un adecuado estado fitosanitario del cultivo. Este trabajo presenta un estudio del estado fitosanitario del azafran en Teruel, donde el cultivo fue muy importante economica y socialmente. Ademas, este estudio pretende ser de utilidad para las zonas productoras con caracteristicas agroclimaticas similares. Con dichos objetivos, se prospectaron 10 plantaciones comerciales de azafran en 6 localidades del valle del Jiloca entre los anos 2008 y 2011, estudiando la presencia de insectos, acaros, nematodos, virus, bacterias y malas hierbas. El acaro Rhizoglyphus robini, una de las plagas mas importantes del azafran, se detecto en los cormos y en el suelo en una parcela. Tambien el nematodo Aphelenchoides blastophtorus, plaga en plantas ornamentales, se encontro abundantemente en cormos de dos parcelas. Se detectaron infecciones ocasionales de virus del genero Potyvirus en el cultivo y en la mala hierba Eruca vesicaria. Las malas hierbas Lolium rigidum y Descurainia sophia podrian causar serios problemas de competencia al cultivo y se considera necesario realizar operaciones de escarda en otono y en invierno. No se detectaron insectos nocivos ni bacterias fitopatogenas. La multiplicacion vegetativa del azafran hace aconsejable realizar muestreos, especialmente en los cormos antes de ser replantados, para detectar la presencia de acaros, nematodos y virus que podrian ocasionar perdidas de produccion y calidad EnglishIn the last decades, saffron produced in Spain is gaining relevance as a high-quality product, which requires the selection of healthy corms (the reproductive organ) for planting in order to maintain adequa - te phytosanitary status of the crop. In this work, the phytosanitary status of saffron was studied in Teruel (Aragon, Spain), where the crop has economic and social importance. Moreover, it aims to be useful for the production areas with similar agro-climatic characteristics. Ten commercial saffron plantations in six locations of the Jiloca valley have been surveyed between 2008 and 2011 and the presence of insects, mites, nematodes, virus, bacteria and weeds was studied. The mite Rhizoglyphus robini, one of the most important pests of saffron, was detected in both corms and soil in one plantation. The nematode Aphelenchoides blastophtorus, pest in ornamental plants, was also found in corms in two plantations. Potyvirus infections were occasionally detected in both the crop and in the weed Eruca vesicaria. The weeds Lolium rigidum and Descurainia sophia could cause diminutions of the yield by competition, therefore, weeding operations are necessary in autumn and winter. No harmful insects and phytopatogenic bacteria were detected. Because reproduction is only possible through corm propagation, it is advisable to analyse the plants, especially the corms, before being re-planted, in order to detect the presence of mites, nematodes and virus that could reduce yield and quality decreases

Estado fitosanitario del azafrán en Aragón (España): insectos, ácaros, nematodos, virus, bacterias y malas hierbas