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Solar power tower plants use large arrays of mirrors, known as heliostats, to concentrate solar radiation on their receiver and heat the working fluid inside them. However, receivers must not be under thermal stress. Otherwise, their life expectancy is reduced, which affects the cost and viability of production plant. Controlling the flux distributions on receivers requires selecting the active heliostats and their target points. It is a challenging task that should not be under the responsibility and expertise of human operators only. This work defines a closed-loop controller to keep the setpoint or desired flux map under certain conditions. It combines real measurements and an ad-hoc analytical model of the target field with a set of heuristic rules that covers how to activate, deactivate, and re-aim heliostats. The proposed system has been applied to a model of the CESA-I field at the Solar Platform of Almeria. The open-source ray-tracer Tonatiuh represents the reality. The initial operation point has been determined with a theoretical flux distribution optimizer. According to the experimentation, the controller improves the initial and model-based flux distribution by raising its power from 708.4 to 736.4 kW (with a setpoint of 739.6 kW).

A Simple and Effective Heuristic Control System for the Heliostat Field of Solar Power Tower Plants