English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is maternally inherited and is associated with a specific (mitochondrial) gene whose expression impairs the production of viable pollen without otherwise affecting the plant (Budar and Pelletier 2001). Studies on numerous CMS systems using monocot and dicot species have revealed that the sterilizing factors are generally encoded by mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure (Hanson 1991), probably as a result of intra-genomic recombination (Schnable and Wise 1998). Since restorer of fertility (Rf or Fr) genes in the nucleus function to suppress the CMS phenotype, nuclear restoration allows commercial exploitation of the CMS system for the production of high-yielding and heterotic seeds and eliminates the need for intensive labour and expensive hand emasculation. In addition, the CMS-Rf system provides an excellent model for the study of nuclear-mitochondrial interaction in multicellular organisms. In pepper, Peterson (1958) reported a CMS plant which spontaneously segregated from cultivated pepper. The trait was found to be controlled by a major recessive rf gene interacting specifically with the S plasmatype. However, based on the alteration of the segregation ratio in the BC1 generation, Peterson (1958) indicated that a second dominant restorer gene might be present. Dominant restorer alleles have been identified in several hot pepper genotypes (Zhang et al. 2000) with an intermediate phenotype in the F2 generation, which resulted in partially sterile pollen, presumably due to either interaction with the environment or quantitative genetic control. Since temperature alteration may induce a degree of variation in male sterility, ranging from complete to partial, selfing as well as crossing of the male-sterile individuals can be achieved through temperature manipulation. Therefore, breeders must use restorer as well as maintainer lines for various environments to secure a completely sterile female parent, but fully fertile hybrids. In the present study, the mechanism by which the restorer lines act on the suppression of the CMS phenomenon was further characterized by analyzing F1–F4 generations obtained from the crossing of CMS and restorer lines. In addition, we examined the restorer marker and its genetic distance from the Rf gene to consider the possibility of application to breeding programs, with emphasis placed on the F3 and F4 generations. The practical importance of the CMS system in breeding is highly dependent on the presence of a restorer of fertility (Rf or Fr) gene and stable response in various environments.

Analysis of Fertility Restoration by Using Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Lines