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Eco-friendly biochar produced from cost-effective and readily available agricultural waste will likely pose no threat on the aqueous phases, other environmental media, human health and emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Optimising biochar for an intended application could require careful selection of a biomass feedstock as well as production pyrolysis technique and conditions for the production of biochars with specific characteristics. Previous studies have explores the relationships that exist between biochar production conditions, characteristics, and possible end-uses of biochar. This review provides an overview of the production and utilisation of biochar as absorbents for adsorption of trace metals in contaminated aqueous environment. Biochar has great affinity to adsorb molecular ions that is making it possible to be used for various toxicological remediation strategies. It has proven effective and useful for mitigating aqueous metals, organic compounds, suspended solids, and organic hydrocarbons in a various kind of industrial applications such as urban and residential storm water runoff, landfill leachates, industrial runoff, resource extraction runoff, and industrial wastewater filtration. Specifically designed biochar could be very effective in the removal of trace metals from contaminated aqueous environment. The multiple factors that determine the adsorption of the trace metals in aqueous environment or phases needs to be carefully examined. Cost-effectiveness of biomass feedstock and eco-friendliness of techniques need to also be given much consideration by way of making comparison with existing contaminant mitigation technologies.

Review of Eco-Friendly Biochar Used in the Removal of Trace Metals on Aqueous Phases