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Background:  The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is gaining interest as a possible agent in the etiology of periodontitis. Previous studies have shown controversy on whether EBV DNA in the subgingival periodontal pockets is associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to seek the potential relationship between EBV and periodontitis.    Methods:  Data on socio-demographics, oral health, and periodontal health were recorded, and samples were collected from gingival crevicular fluid, using sterile paper point. This case–control study of 118 participants included 59 subjects with severe periodontitis and 59 control subjects with mild periodontitis. The EBV load was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.    Results:  EBV DNA was detected in 37.3% of the case samples and in 18.6% of the control samples. There was no significant difference in the load of EBV DNA between severe and mild periodontitis (p&gt;0.05). The observed load of EBV DNA was up to 4.55x10 5  copies/mL. The detected EBV DNA was significantly associated with the plaque index and the oral hygiene index (all p&lt;0.05).    Conclusions:  A significant association was not found, but EBV might contribute to periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid is useful for monitoring the EBV load by the real-time PCR technique.

Association of subgingival Epstein–Barr virus and periodontitis