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Background:  The microbial community residing in the animal gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in host health. Because of the high complexity of gut microbes, many microbes remain unclassified. Deciphering the role of each bacteria in health and diseases is only possible after its culture, identification, and characterization. During the culturomics study of feral chicken cecal sample, we cultured a possible novel strain SW165  T .    Methods:  For the possible novel strain SW165  T , phenotypic characterization was performed using colony morphology, Gram staining, growth in different temperature and pH and motility. Biochemical assays included carbon source utilization, enzymatic activity, cellular fatty acids and short chain fatty acid production. 16S rRNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing and comparison was performed for genetic analysis.    Results:  This strain was isolated from cecal content of feral chickens in Brookings, South Dakota, USA. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the closest valid neighbor was  Olsenella profusa  DSM 13989  T  (96.33% similarity) within the family  Atopobiaceae . Cells were Gram-strain-positive and obligately anaerobic bacilli in chains. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the microorganism were 37-45  o C and pH 6.0-7.5 respectively.  This strain produced acetic acid as the primary fermentation product. Major fatty acids were C  12:0 , C  14:0 , C  14:0  DMA and summed feature 1 (C  13:1  at 12-13 and C  14:0  aldehyde). Strain SW165  T  exhibited a genome size of 2.43 Mbp with a G+C content of 67.59 mol%, which is the second highest G+C content among members of the genus  Olsenella . The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values between SW165  T  and DSM 13989  T  were only 17.6 ± 5.3 and 74.35%, respectively.    Conclusion:  Based on the phenotypic, biochemical, and genomic analyses, we propose the new species of the genus  Olsenella,  and name it  Olsenella lakotia  SW165  T  sp. nov., (=DSM 107283 =CCOS 1887) as the type strain.

Taxono-genomics description of Olsenella lakotia SW165T sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from cecum of feral chicken