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Background:   Pseudomonas aeruginosa  is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases gene (extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes and class C β-lactamases genes) frequency in  Ps. aeruginosa  in Khartoum State, Sudan.    Methods:  121  Ps. aeruginosa  clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 80 isolates were confirmed as  Ps. aeruginosa  through conventional identification methods and species-specific primers (the remaining 40 isolates were other bacterial species). The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes ( bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTXM-1 , bla VEB , bla OXA-1 , bla AmpC  and bla DHA  ).    Results:  Of the 80 confirmed  Ps. aeruginosa  isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%)  Ps. aeruginosa  isolates were positive for ESBLs genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β-lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of ESBLs genes was as follows: bla TEM , 19 (44.2%); bla SHV , 16 (37.2%); bla CTX-M1 , 10 (23.3%); bla VEB , 14 (32.6%); and bla OXA-1 , 7 (16.3%). Occurrence of class C β-lactamases genes was bla AmpC  22 (81.5%) and bla DHA  8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both bla AmpC  and bla DHA  genes.    Conclusion:   Ps. aeruginosa  isolates showed a high rate of β-lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of  Ps. aeruginosa  was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in  Ps. aeruginosa  and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

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β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study