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Background:  The best method of antimicrobial prophylaxis administration for surgical site infection (SSI) in transurethral holmium laser resection and enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)/bipolar transurethral enucleation (TUEB) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare one-day and two-day cefazolin in a randomized 2  nd -phase study to help establish a protocol with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for SSI prevention.    Methods:  Patients undergoing HoLEP/TUEB for benign prostate hyperplasia without preoperative pyuria will be enrolled and randomized to receive prophylactic antibiotic administration for HoLEP/TUEB in two groups, 1-day (single dose) cefazolin and 2-day cefazolin. The primary endpoint is the occurrence rate of postoperative urinary tract infection or urogenital infection within 30 days after HoLEP/TUEB with a statistical 95% CI in comparison between those groups. Secondary outcomes include the kind of infectious disease and evidence of diagnosis, day of diagnosis of infectious disease, performance of urine or blood culture, detection of bacteria, treatments, duration of treatments, AEs other than surgical site infection, and drug-induced AEs.    Discussion:  The results of this study will provide evidence for defining the optimal duration of cefazolin prophylactic antibiotic administration for SSI.    Trial registration:  This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trial Registry (  UMIN000027955 ) based on recommendations from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) on July 1  st  2017.

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Protocol for a comparison study of 1-day (single dose) versus 2-day prophylactic antibiotic administration in Holmium Laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): a randomized controlled trial