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Background:   India is endemic for  Plasmodium vivax   (Pv)  malaria.   Despite a decrease in incidence, its elimination is   hampered by recurrences. This study aimed to characterize recurrences in  Pv  malaria and study its association with primaquine (PQ) usage.    Methods:   Symptomatic adult  Pv  patients were followed-up for up to 23 months for recurrences. The time to recurrence was compared by the PQ dosage they received using a log-rank test.    Results:  Of the 294 malaria patients, 206 (70%) patients had  Pv  infection during the study period. A total of 20 (9.7%) recurrences were seen in 17 (8.2%) patients of  Pv . The percentage of first-time recurrences were highest in the no PQ group (25%), followed by the weekly PQ group (20%), low dose daily PQ (8.2%) group, and high dose daily PQ group (3.1%).    Conclusions:  Recurrence in  Pv  malaria is common, especially in those who receive an incorrect prescription of primaquine.

Recurrence in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a prospective cohort study with long follow-up from a coastal region in South-West India