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Background:  The Mbeere South community of Embu County consume leaves of  Catha edulis  for its stimulant and euphoretic actions. Other indigenous uses of the plant are undocumented. Information on the pharmacology and safety of this plant is also scanty. This study aimed to document the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity of  C. edulis  leaves collected from the Mbeere South community in Kenya.    Methods:  Ethnopharmacological data was collected from 35 informants using semi-structured questionnaires. Leaf extracts of  C. edulis  were prepared using acetone, water, and methanol. The antimicrobial properties of these extracts were evaluated against  Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,  and  Candida albicans . The toxicity of the aqueous extract was determined using hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in male and female  Sprague Dawley  rats at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses over 28 days.  p 50 years old, with &gt;10 years of experience. The sources, local names, preparation, storage conditions, indications, frequency of use, dosage, and side effects of  C. edulis  were documented. All extracts were ineffective against  E. coli ,  P. aeruginosa,  and  C. albicans.  They had limited efficacy against  B. cereus  and  S. aureus.  Significant differences were observed in the hematological and biochemical parameters of rats at the tested doses. Low, intermediate, and high doses of the aqueous extract of  C. edulis  produced local congestion of the cardiac and hepatic vessels. Localized interstitial connective tissue proliferation, multifocal kidney interstitial hemorrhage, and localized tubular epithelium necrosis were also observed in female rats.    Conclusions:  The ethnobotanical uses of  C. edulis  among the Mbeere South community were documented for the first time. Limited antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity at high doses limit the use of leaves of  C. edulis .

Studies on the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl., in Sprague Dawley rats