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Cloninger’s biopsychological model for personality distinguishes between Temperament [Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Persistence (PS)], and Character [Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (CO), Self-Transcendence (ST)] traits. Cloninger has also described three sets of complex interactions among these traits, which can be summarized as a linked network of three cubes. Within each cube, the different combinations of the sub-dimensions formulate multidimensional profiles that describe personality more accurately compared with their individual constituents. The aim of the present study was to examine differences of these multidimensional profiles in cognitive functions and Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients and control individuals. We assessed 114 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 122 controls for Temperament/Character traits, a wide range of cognitive functions, and PPI of the acoustic startle reflex. The relatives had higher Ηarm Avoidance and Self-Transcendence along with lower Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness scores as well as lower PPI and poorer cognition compared with controls. We also found a) unequal distribution of relatives and controls in several “disadvantageous” profiles associated with the schizophrenia-spectrum, b) the Schizotypal/Disorganized, Apathetic and Fragile profiles had poorer emotional decision making and attention switching, respectively, compared with their “advantageous” counterparts and c) the Adventurous, Independent, Bossy and Resilient profiles had higher PPI compared with their counterparts. These findings further highlight the significance of personality determinants of cognitive processes and have potential implications in early intervention programs in the schizophrenia-spectrum.

psychologia: to periodiko tīs ellīnikīs psychologikīs etaireias/psychologia. to periodiko tīs ellīnikīs psychologikīs etaireias

Associations of multidimensional temperament and character profiles with cognition and sensorimotor gating in individuals at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: preliminary findings