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A quantitative assessment of the riverine freshwater, suspended and dissolved sediment loads is provided for the watersheds of the four primary (Western Mediterranean-WMED, Central Mediterranean-CMED, Eastern Mediterranean-EMED and Black Sea-BLS) and eleven secondary marine regions of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Earth System (MBES). On the basis of measured values that cover spatially >65% and >84% of MED and BLS watersheds, respectively, water discharge of the MBES reaches annually almost the 1 million km 3 , with Mediterranean Sea (including the Marmara Sea) to provide 576 km 3 and the Black Sea (included the Azov Sea) 418 km 3 . Among the watersheds of MED primary marine regions, the total water load is distributed as follows: WMED= 180 km 3 ; CMED= 209 km 3 ; and EMED= 187 km 3 . The MBES could potentially provide annually some 894 10 6 t of suspended sediment load (SSL), prior to river damming, most of which (i.e., 708 10 6 t is attributed to MED). Between MED primary marine regions, CMED receives the highest amount of suspended sediment (287 10 6 t), followed by WMED (239 10 6 t) and EMED 182 10 6 t, while 185 10 6 t are delivered to BLS. The dissolved load (DL) of MBES is about 376 10 6 t, from which 215 10 6 t (approximately 57%) is provided by the MED watershed. The large river systems (watershed>10 4 km 2 ) provide >85% of the water load, >80% of SSL and >60% of DL of both MED and BLS.

River systems and their water and sediment fluxes towards the marine regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea earth system. An overview