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The concept of  political difference  concerns the distinction between  politics  and the  political . The  political  refers to the ontological making possible of the different domains of society, including the domain of  politics  in the narrow sense.  Political difference  was introduced as a reaction to the theoretical controversy between  foundationalism  and  anti-foundationalism.  This reaction took the form of  post-foundationalism . According to Marchart,  post-foundationalism  does not entirely deny the possibility of  grounding . It denies only the possibility of an ultimate transcendent foundation insofar as this ontological impossibility makes possible the historical and contingent  grounds  in plural. The Heideggerian concept of  ontological difference  also undermines the possibility of an ultimate  ontical ground  which establishes the presence of all the other beings. If one wants to think beyond the concept of ground, one should obtain a clear understanding of  Being  as  Being,  namely one should grasp the  Being  in its difference from beings. All the same, Heidegger tends to replace the ontical grounds of metaphysics with  Being  itself as a new kind of ultimate ontological foundation. On the other hand, one can detect in many points of Heideggerian argumentation traces of a second alternative understanding of ontological difference which does not belong in Heidegger’s intentions and which undermines the  primordiality  of Being. This alternative understanding establishes a reciprocity between Being and beings. In our view, political difference not only is based in this second way of understanding but, at the same time, develops more decisively the mutual interdependence between Being and beings. In political difference the  grounding  part, namely the political, possesses both a grounding character and a derivative one. Politics and political both grounds and dislocate each other in an incessant and oscillating, historical procedure which undermines any form of completion of the social.

The Concept of Political Difference in Oliver Marchart and its Relationship with the Heideggerian Concept of Ontological Difference