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Transection of the rat facial nerve (FN) leads to a series of retrograde changes within the facial nuclei, which has been called the axon reaction. This reaction includes the rapid activation of both astrocytes and microglia and a change in the gene expression in axotomized motoneurons. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily member [bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, 4, 6 and TGF-beta1] in the axotomized facial nuclei using in situ hybridization. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the BMP-2, 4, 6 and TGF-beta1 are related to the regenerative and degenerative processes in the axotomized facial nuclei. The results showed that BMP-2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA increased gradually after axotomy, and reached the maximal values on day 7 post injury. BMP-6 was expressed abundantly in the facial motoneurons, and no obvious differences were shown in the gene expression after transection of FN. However, no significant signals for BMP4 in motoneuron were detected at any time point. These results revealed that some members of the TGF-beta superfamily such as BMP-2 and TGF-beta1, might be involved in glial activation and motoneuron survival, and might be potential neurotrophic factors of FN.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2,4,6 and Transforming Growth Factor-.BETA.1 Are Induced in Rat Facial Nuclei Following Motoneuron Axotomy.