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A dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) microbial community was developed under a high organic carbon to nitrate (C/NO 3  - ) ratio in an anoxic semi-continuous sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with glucose as the source of carbon and NO 3  - as the electron acceptor. Activated sludge collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with good denitrification efficiency was used as the inoculum to start the system. The aim of this study was to examine the microbial populations in a high C/NO 3  - ecosystem for potential DNRA microorganisms, which are the microbial group with the ability to reduce NO 3  - to ammonium (NH 4  + ). A low C/NO 3  - reactor was operated in parallel for direct comparisons of the microbial communities that developed under different C/NO 3  - values. The occurrence of DNRA in the high C/NO 3  - SBR was evidenced by stable isotope-labeled nitrate and nitrite ( 15 NO 3  - and 15 NO 2  - ), which proved the formation of NH 4  + from dissimilatory NO 3  - /NO 2  - reduction, in which both nitrogen oxides induced DNRA activity in a similar manner. An analysis of sludge samples with Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the predominant microorganisms in the high C/NO 3  - SBR were related to Sulfurospirillum and the family Lachnospiraceae, which were barely present in the low C/NO 3  - system. A comparison of the populations and activities of the two reactors indicated that these major taxa play important roles as DNRA microorganisms under the high C/NO 3  - condition. Additionally, a beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct microbial compositions between the low and high C/NO 3  - SBRs, which reflected the activities observed in the two systems.

microbes and environments

Distinct Microbial Community Performing Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) in a High C/NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; Reactor