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To verify target organ(s) of leptin in the reproductive system of the Japanese black bear, we examined the expression of leptin receptor (Ob-R) protein in ovaries and uteri collected from July to December 2006 by immunohistochemical techniques. Eleven of 22 female Japanese black bears examined had corpora lutea (CLs) in their ovaries and were thought to have undergone or to have terminated delayed implantation in the early pregnancy stage. The CLs were classified into 3 types based on morphological features. The maximum diameters of Type 1 CLs ranged 3 to 7 mm, and the luteal cells contained numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm, which suggests that this type of CL was functional. The maximum diameters of Type 2 CLs were approximately 7 mm, and the luteal cells contained fewer vacuoles in the cytoplasm, which suggests that this type of CL was in the early stage of regression. Finally, the maximum diameters of Type 3 CLs were approximately 1 mm, and these CLs contained collagen fibers among their luteal cells, which suggests that this type of CL had regressed. The 3 types of CLs showed different reactions to Ob-R, with positive staining in Type 1, much less positive staining in Type 2 and nearly negative staining in Type 3. In bears having CLs with functional and regressive features (Type 1 and 2 CLs), Ob-R was also immunolocalized in the developed glandular and ductal endometrial epithelium. In contrast, the Ob-R was absent in the undeveloped endometrial epithelium in bears with regressed (Type 3 CLs) or no CLs. These findings suggested that leptin directly targets CLs and the endometrium so as to develop and maintain them during the delayed implantation period in Japanese black bears.

Leptin Receptor (Ob-R) Expression in the Ovary and Uterus of the Wild Japanese Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)