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This is the first report to show morphological evidence of in vitro maturation of oocytes recovered from xenotransplanted antral follicles. To develop a suitable tool for studing the growth and maturation of follicles and oocytes, we xenotransplanted small pieces of ovarian cortical tissue from sows, which contained small preantral follicles (primordial, primary, and secondary follicles; less than 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 mm in diameter, respectively), under the capsules of kidneys of adult female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice for 2 and 8 weeks, and then recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes from the growing tertiary follicles in xenografted tissues. The distribution of processes from cumulus cells to oocytes and the follicular growth, development, and maturation during xenotransplantation were histochemically analyzed. Tertiary follicles, 0.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter, were obtained from grafted tissues 2 (85%: 52 follicles/61 grafted tissues) and 8 (50%: 15/30) weeks after xenotransplantation, and then oocytes, which were tightly attached to cumulus cells, were collected from each tertiary follicle and cultured to assess their quality. At 2 weeks after grafting, 17.6% of the oocytes had matured to the metaphase II stage, but no such maturation was observed 8 weeks after grafting. Thus, in the 2 weeks group, preantral follicles rapidly grew in xenotransplanted porcine ovarian tissues to the tertiary stage, and oocytes could be recovered and matured from them by in vitro culture.

Growth and Maturation of Follicles and Oocytes Following Xenotransplantation of Porcine Ovarian Tissues and In Vitro Maturation