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Leishmania  and other trypanosomatid protozoa lack control at the level of transcription initiation and regulate gene expression exclusively post-transcriptionally. We have reported previously that  Leishmania  harbors a unique class of  s hort  i nterspersed  de generate  r etroposons (SIDERs) that are predominantly located within 3′UTRs and play a major role in post-transcriptional control. We have shown that members of the SIDER2 subfamily initiate mRNA decay through endonucleolytic cleavage within the second conserved 79-nt signature sequence of SIDER2 retroposons. Here, we have developed an optimized MS2 coat protein tethering system to capture  trans -acting factor(s) regulating SIDER2-mediated mRNA decay. Tethering of the MS2 coat protein to a reporter RNA harboring two MS2 stem–loop aptamers and the cognate SIDER2-containing 3′UTR in combination with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of RNA-binding proteins with known functions in mRNA decay. Among the candidate SIDER2-interacting proteins that were individually tethered to a SIDER2 reporter RNA, the Pumilio-domain protein PUF6 was shown to enhance degradation and reduce transcript half-life. Furthermore, we showed that PUF6 binds to SIDER2 sequences that include the regulatory 79-nt signature motif, hence contributing to the mRNA decay process. Consistent with a role of PUF6 in SIDER2-mediated decay, genetic inactivation of PUF6 resulted in increased accumulation and higher stability of endogenous SIDER2-bearing transcripts. Overall, these studies provide new insights into regulated mRNA decay pathways in  Leishmania  controlled by SIDER2 retroposons and propose a broader role for PUF proteins in mRNA decay within the eukaryotic kingdom.

The Pumilio-domain protein PUF6 contributes to SIDER2 retroposon-mediated mRNA decay in Leishmania