English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global surface temperature records (e.g. HadCRUT4) since 1850 arecharacterized by climatic oscillations synchronous with specific solar,planetary and lunar harmonics superimposed on a background warming modulation.The latter is related to a long millennial solar oscillation and to changes inthe chemical composition of the atmosphere (e.g. aerosol and greenhouse gases).However, current general circulation climate models, e.g. the CMIP5 GCMs, to beused in the AR5 IPCC Report in 2013, fail to reconstruct the observed climaticoscillations. As an alternate, an empirical model is proposed that uses: (1) aspecific set of decadal, multidecadal, secular and millennial astronomicharmonics to simulate the observed climatic oscillations; (2) a 0.45attenuation of the GCM ensemble mean simulations to model the anthropogenic andvolcano forcing effects. The proposed empirical model outperforms the GCMs bybetter hind-casting the observed 1850-2012 climatic patterns. It is found that:(1) about 50-60% of the warming observed since 1850 and since 1970 was inducedby natural oscillations likely resulting from harmonic astronomical forcingsthat are not yet included in the GCMs; (2) a 2000-2040 approximately steadyprojected temperature; (3) a 2000-2100 projected warming ranging between 0.3$^{o}C$ and 1.6 $^{o}C$, which is significantly lower than the IPCC GCMensemble mean projected warming of 1.1 $^{o}C$ to 4.1 $^{o}C$; ; (4) anequilibrium climate sensitivity to $CO_{2}$ doubling centered in 1.35 $^{o}C$and varying between 0.9 $^{o}C$ and 2.0 $^{o}C$.

Solar and planetary oscillation control on climate change: hind-cast, forecast and a comparison with the CMIP5 GCMs