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Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is an amphiphilic metabolite produced from membrane-phospholipids by the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and it accumulates in the ischemic myocardium. It has been demonstrated that exogenous LPC produces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), morphological change from rod- to round-shape, and increase in release of creatine kinase (CK). The possible mechanism of the Ca2+ overload induced by LPC is direct Ca2+ entry via a nonselective cation channel (or pore) or secondary Ca2+ entry via Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger after increase in intracellular Na+ concentration. Among anti-ischemic drugs including beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and Ca2+ channel blockers, a drug with high lipophilicity attenuates the LPC-induced cellular damage, probably due to the preservation of membrane integrity. Because LPC, which accumulates during ischemia and reperfusion of the heart, and produces Ca2+ overload, it is possible that LPC potentiates the ischemic injury in the heart. Therefore, development of protective drugs against cell injury induced by LPC would represent a new approach to finding new drugs that protect the heart against ischemic injury.

Stress and Redox Regulation. Cardiac cell injury induced by lysophosphatidylcholine.