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Arterial conduit vessels dilate in response to increased blood flow stimuli. Our objective was to determine precisely how a change in large arterial diameter results in a change in peripheral tissue blood flow. Using high-resolution ultrasound Doppler echography, we measured the diameter of the right femoral artery at rest, during reactive hyperemia, and after administration of 2.5 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in 10 healthy young men. Reactive hyperemia was induced by distal circulatory arrest followed by reperfusion of the leg ipsilateral (right) or contralateral (left) to the side of arterial diameter measurements. Femoral arterial blood flow was calculated by simultaneous measurement of femoral arterial diameter and blood velocity. The change in skin blood flow was also analyzed simultaneously by laser Doppler flowmetry. Reactive hyperemia induced a 2-fold increase in femoral arterial blood velocity 30 sec after cuff release. During this flow augmentation, the femoral artery dilated. The peak of skin blood flow was coincident with the peak of femoral arterial vasodilation. The time required for the return of arterial diameter to baseline was longer than that for blood flow in both the conduit artery and the peripheral skin tissue. Equivalent cuff occlusion and release of the contralateral limb had no effect on ipsilateral arterial diameter. Isosorbide dinitrate induced dilation in all subjects, despite the absence of a significant increase in blood velocity. These results indicate that the human femoral artery dilates in response to increased blood velocity, and that the flow-mediated vasodilation of a large conduit artery is involved in the adjustments of blood flow in the downstream peripheral tissue.

Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of a Conduit Artery in Relation to Downstream Peripheral Tissue Blood Flow During Reactive Hyperemia in Humans