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It is well known that failing hearts show diminished responsiveness (desensitization) to catecholamines. In this study, 2 different animal models were used to investigate the alterations in the hormone sensitive cardiac adenylyl cyclase system in a congestive heart failure. In the first model, cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters (BIO53.58), we found reduced activity of the catalytic protein of adenylyl cyclase; this reduction was more prominent in an older animals (28-week-old vs 16-week-old). At both ages, the amount of inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi) was markedly increased in BIO53.58 compared to control healthy hamsters. Moreover the increased Gi was shown to be fully functional in the inhibitory pathway of the adenylyl cyclase system. In the second model, chronically norepinephrine-infused rats, we found a decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor density at an early stage of injection (3 days), while the activity of catalytic protein decreased beyond 14 days of injection, and the amount of Gi increased after 7 days of injection. These results suggest that increased plasma catecholamine concentrations in the setting of congestive heart failure might be a major trigger for qualitative and quantitative alterations observed in various components of cardiac adenylyl cyclase system, and that GTP-binding proteins and catalytic protein of adenylyl cyclase are involved in the mechanism of desensitization especially after chronic in vivo stimulation of adrenergic receptors.

A Mechanism of Catecholamine Tolerance in Congestive Heart Failure. Alterations in the hormone sensitive adenylyl cyclase system of the heart.