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To elucidate the mechanism of migration of vascular smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) from media to intima, we have investigated the phenotypic modulation of the medial SMC at bifurcation of the celiac artery in 5 children and 3 young persons using a transmission electron microscope. We counted the number of separated SMCs from the elastic layers, although the medial SMCs are fundamentally attached to the elastic fibers, and are still contractile in their phenotypes. Both proximal and distal portions revealed that SMCs in the media were more or less present in the separated state and were ultrastructurally consistent with the synthetic state of SMC in the proximal area and the contractile state in distal areas. In order to migrate from media to intima, medial SMC should separate from the elastic layers and transform their phenotypes. In this paper, we examined the relationship between vascular SMCs and elastic layers in the media and ascertain that it was responsible for the contribution to the subsequent phenotypic modulation and their migration of medial SMCs.

The Role of Vascular Smooth-Muscle Cells in Atherogenesis: Phenotypic Modulation of the Medial Smooth-Muscle Cells in the Aortic Bifurcation.