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Background:  We investigated the clinical usefulness of landiolol for rapid atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and identify the patients eligible for landiolol.  Methods and Results:  A total of 101 ADHF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with rapid AF were enrolled. Immediately after admission, an initial dose of landiolol was given (1 μg/kg -1 /min -1 ), and then the dose was increased to decrease heart rate (HR) to &lt;110 beats/min and change HR (∆HR) &gt;20% in ≤24 h. Thirty-seven were monitored using right heart catheterization at 3 points (baseline, 1 μg/kg -1 /min -1 , and maximum dose). We checked the major adverse events (MAE) during initial hospitalization, which included cardiac death, HF prolongation (required i.v. treatment at 30 days), and worsening renal function. The average maximum dose of landiolol was 3.8±2.3 μg/kg -1 /min -1 . HR (P&lt;0.0001) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (P=0.0008) decreased safely. MAE occurred in 39 patients. The patients with left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index &lt;84.0 mL/m 2 and mean blood pressure (mean BP) &gt;97 mmHg had less frequent MAE (P&lt;0.0001).  Conclusions:  Landiolol was effective for safely controlling rapid AF in patients with HFrEF with ADHF, leading to hemodynamic improvement and avoidance of short-term MAE, especially in patients with relatively smaller LV and higher BP.

Urgent Control of Rapid Atrial Fibrillation by Landiolol in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction