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result in or prevent obesity in both adults and children. Figure 2 shows the childhood overweight/obesity rates over time for 11-year-old boys and girls.4 From 1975 to 2000, the rates grew from 6% to 12% among boys and from 6% to 10% among girls. Although it nearly doubled, the increases are less than in other countries such as the USA where the prevalence of childhood obesity has tripled over that period. Furthermore, since 2000, the frequency of overweight/obese children has declined slightly for both boys and girls. The reason why the rates seem to stay very low in Japan is of great interest to other countries who see their children becoming less and less healthy. It is speculatively attributed to Japan’s “revolutionary school lunches”5 or to the “walking to school” policy.6 The prevalence of overweight/obesity in these statistics has been determined by weight-based indices such as body mass index (BMI) or percent overweight (POW; determined on the basis of the Japanese standard body weights for height by age and sex: POW=(actual body weight–standard weight)/standard weight×100 (%)). When adiposity levels were categorized by besity is one of the leading causes of premature death and disease worldwide. Obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risks track from childhood into adulthood, suggesting that the precursors of cardiovascular diseases are already present early in life.1,2

Trunk-to-Leg Fat Ratio – An Emerging Early Marker of Childhood Adiposity, and Future Cardiometabolic Risks –