English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

diseases (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity), ischemic etiology, and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We can recognize that recent epidemiological trends in patients with symptomatic HF in Japan are being affected by multiple complex and diverse factors: westernization of diet, marked increase in lifestyle-related diseases and ischemic heart diseases, advances in medical and surgical treatment, and aging of society. In the United States, the incidence of HF approaches 10 per 1,000 population after 65 years of age4 and the prevalence of HF is expected to increase 46% from 2012 to 2030.5 The prevalence of ischemic HF in Japan has already reached the levels in Western countries. In addition, Japan has already entered an era of the aging/super-aging society. Accordingly, it is expected that the number of geriatric HF patients will rapidly and continuously increase in Japan in the foreseeable future, because lifestyle-related diseases, ischemic heart disease and older age are risk factors for HF.5 This report elucidates what needs to be done next (Figure). First of all, the reduction of ischemic events is important. The incidence of ischemic HF can be reduced by implementing existing preventive approaches to lifestyle-associated diseases. Secondly, further improvement in the use of existing evidencebased medications for HF treatment is also important, which can prevent disease progression. Thirdly, it is also crucial to develop a strategy against the increased prevalence of HFpEF. Although no medicines have been proved to have beneficial effects on HFpEF according to prospective randomized clinical study so far, recent observational studies showed a potenhronic heart failure (CHF) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western and developed countries, while developing countries in Asia are also in the process of the epidemiologic transition (ie, an etiological shift from infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies to lifestyle-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases).1,2 Thus, CHF has become a major public health concern with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Japan has become the leading country for longevity mainly via improvements in public health, advances of medicine and a unique dietary culture. However, modernization and westernization of the Japanese diet has recently changed the epidemiological trend, especially a marked increase in lifestyle-related diseases, subsequent cardiovascular diseases and CHF. On the other hand, recent widespread use of evidence-based medications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is thought to have modified the recent trends in the epidemiology of CHF in Japan.

Recent Progress and Next Challenges in the Treatment of Symptomatic Heart Failure in Japan