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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can activate (in vitro) the nuclear transcription factors known as the peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR). CLA was fed at 11 g CLA/kg of feed for 45d to castrated male pigs (barrows) to better understand long term effects of PPAR activation in vivo. The barrows fed CLA had lean muscle increased by 3.5% and overall fat reduced by 9.2% but intramuscular fat (IMF %) was increased by 14% (P &lt; 0.05). To measure the effect of long term feeding of CLA on porcine muscle gene expression, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was developed using cDNA normalized against the housekeeping genes cyclophilin and beta-actin. This method does not require radioactivity or expensive PCR instruments with real-time fluorescent detection. PPARgamma and the PPAR responsive gene AFABP but not PPARalpha were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) in the CLA fed pig's muscle. PPARalpha and PPARgamma were also quantitatively tested for large differences in gene expression by western blot analysis but no significant difference was detected at this level. Although large differences in gene expression of the PPAR transcriptional factors could not be confirmed by western blotting techniques. The increased expression of AFABP gene, which is responsive to PPAR transcriptional factors, confirmed that dietary CLA can induce a detectable increase in basal PPAR transcriptional activity in the live animal.

A semi-quantitative RT-PCR method to measure thein vivo effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on porcine muscle PPAR gene expression