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Solid models of the vocal tract with hypopharyngeal cavities were molded with a stereolithographic technique based on MRI data obtained from a male speaker during the production of Japanese vowels /a/ and /o/. A vowel synthesis experiment conducted with the models revealed a relatively good agreement in the second and third formants, as well as in anti-resonance at 4–5 kHz. The elimination of the models’ piriform fossa resulted in the disappearance of the anti-resonance and shifts of the adjacent formants. The modification of the laryngeal cavity into a uniform tube caused spectral changes in the frequency range of 1.5–7.0 kHz. These acoustic effects of hypopharyngeal cavities were dependent on vocal tract shapes.

An experimental study of acoustic characteristics of hypopharyngeal cavities using vocal tract solid models