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Heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification systems ar eo ftenregulated by changes in gene transcription. In higher eukaryotes, metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is the only known metal-sensing transcription factor and zinc is the only heavy metal which can reversibly and directly activate the DNA-binding activity of MTF-1, leading to its nuclear retention, promoter binding and induction or repression of transcription. Although, cadmium, copper and oxidative stresses can cause the activation of the DNA-binding activity of MTF-1 in vivo, they apparently do so, at least in part, by causing the redistribution of intracellular zinc. MTF-1-dependent metal-sensing transcription mechanisms are not fully understood but clearly involve zinc binding to its unique zinc finger domain. Recently, zinc has been show nt oi nduce the formation of a co-activator complex containing MTF-1 and the histone acetyltransferase p30 0w hich plays an essential role in the activation of mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene transcription. In this review, we focus on current understanding of the mechanisms by which MTF-1 senses heavy metals and activates gene expression.

Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Sensing by Metal Response Element-binding Transcription Factor-1