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In view of analytical science, weighing is very important as an initial step of an analysis. For the purity test of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XIV, to obtain an accurate weight of a sample requires a value of loss on drying (LOD) or water content value. Since the purities in dry weight of most drugs are regulated within 100.0 ± 2.0%, the amount of volatile impurity, including water and organic solvent, cannot be ignore. Therefore, LOD, thermogravimetry (TGA) or Karl Fischer aquametry (KF) were mentioned as a general test of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XIV. However, the LOD or water content of a pesticide standard for residual analysis is not designated in Japanese Food Sanitation laws. Generally speaking, such a test for pesticide residue analysis does not need to be carried out, and it actually was not carried out in any laboratory for the pesticide analysis. Furthermore, a report for water content or LOD of pesticide standard has not been published. Since the obtained result of the standard deviation in pesticide residue analysis is often a quite larger value than the standard deviation in the purity test of medical drug mentioned in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XIV, it seems that the analyst for pesticide residue analysis may ignore the slight water within 1%. However, some kinds of hygroscopic pesticides include relatively a large amount of water, or pesticide standards recrystallized from organic solvent can contain a large amount of organic solvent. TGA uses a thermogravimeter that consists of a microbalance and a heating furnace surrounding sample pan of the microbalance. As an advantage, the required minimum sample weight is small (generally 1–20 mg) with a high reproducibility. As a drawback, the measurement time is relatively long and a liquid sample is not proper for LOD using TGA. KF measures the water content in a sample. *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Division of Food Chemistry, Osaka Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1–1–43, Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540–0006, Japan. Tel.: +81-6-6941-1533; Fax: +81-6-6942-0716; E-mail: yoshii@ nihs.go.jp Water Content Using Karl-Fisher Aquametry and Loss on Drying Determinations Using Thermogravimeter for Pesticide Standard Materials