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High K + -induced contraction of arterial smooth muscle is thought to be mediated by membrane depolarization and subsequent activation of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCCs). In line with this, this study found that contraction induced by 80 mM K + was almost abolished by nifedipine (1 µM), a VDCC inhibitor, in isolated rat aorta, and was markedly suppressed in the iliac artery. However, nifedipine (1 µM) only partially suppressed high K + -induced contraction in the tail artery. The contractions remaining in the arteries were further reduced by non-selective cation channel (NSCC) inhibitors, including 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (100 µM), SK&amp;F96365 (10 µM), and 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-α-phenyl-N,N-bis[2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-isoquinolineacetamide hydrochloride (LOE908) (10 µM). In particular, sustained tonic contraction was nearly abolished. Prazosin (0.3 µM), an α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, partially inhibited high K + -induced contraction in the tail and iliac arteries, but had no effect in the aorta. Consistently, tyramine potently induced contraction in the tail and iliac arteries, but not in the aorta. Furthermore, the inhibition by prazosin and NSCC inhibitors of the high K + -induced contraction in the presence of nifedipine was comparable. These results suggest that depending on the type of artery, high K + -induced contraction is mediated by Ca 2+ influx not only through VDCCs but also through NSCCs, the activation of which is due to the activation of α 1 -adrenoceptors by the released noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve terminals resulting from high K + stimulation.

Differential Contribution of Nerve-Derived Noradrenaline to High K<sup>+</sup>-Induced Contraction Depending on Type of Artery