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One hundred and forty-four samples of Chishao and Baishao, which represented six species of Paeonia L. were evaluated for their genetic variation, genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationship, based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Samples from representative of the population were then used to do a cultivation comparison experiment, and then to identify the contents of the active ingredients. The results showed there were differences in the haplotype distribution and frequency between populations of Chishao and Baishao. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) genetic differentiation between the populations of wild and cultivated Paeonia lactiflora PALL. The albiflorin content between Chishao and Baishao was also significantly different (p&lt;0.05). All the results clearly illustrate that currently cultivated P. lactiflora cannot be used as a substitute for Chishao.

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Genetic and Component Content Differentiation between Wild and Cultivated Populations of &lt;i&gt;Paeonia lactiflora&lt;/i&gt; and Related Species Used as &lt;i&gt;Chishao&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Baishao&lt;/i&gt; in China