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Substitution of 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) for the N-terminal Tyr in opioid peptides has recently been shown to be a promising tool for improving opioid receptor affinity and biological activity. We have also demonstrated that another unnatural amino acid, 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp), is not only an excellent substitute for Phe at position 3 but also can mimic the aromatic N-terminal Tyr residue in a micro opioid receptor-selective dermorphin analogue (YRFB: Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-betaAla-NH(2)). To further evaluate the value of Dmp in opioid peptides, we investigated Dmp(1)-substituted analogues of the delta receptor ligands, deltorphin II (DLT: Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH(2)) and enkephalin (ENK: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). In the receptor binding assay, both [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]ENK bound to the delta-receptor with high affinity and selectivity, and were nearly as effective as the parent peptides. The potency of the Dmp(1)-peptides on the MVD and GPI assays correlated well with the receptor binding affinity data. These results are in contrast to the tendency of corresponding Dmt(1)-analogues to have poor receptor selectivity. Taken together with the results with YRFB, we conclude that the Dmp(1)-peptide is superior to the corresponding Dmt(1)-peptide in its receptor selectivity. [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]YRFB may serve as pharmacological tools for the studies of ligand recognition and opioid receptor signal transduction.

2',6'-Dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) Can Mimic the N-Terminal Tyr in Opioid Peptides