English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The effects of HM-1 killer toxin (HM-1) on yeast spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined under osmotically stabilized conditions. Prolonged incubation of spheroplasts in nutrient-rich media resulted in an increase in volume, accompanied by aberrant morphological changes. By contrast, spheroplasts were enlarged, maintaining a round shape, when incubated in HM-1 media. The required 50% effective dose of HM-1 was as low as 2.2 x 10(-8) M, and this effect by HM-1 was specific to yeast sensitive to RM-1. Some parts of the enlarged spheroplasts were stable, but the round shape was deformed as HM-1 was removed from the medium. In both the control and HM-1-treated spheroplasts, the total protein and DNA content were increased by approximately three and four times in response to their incubations, respectively. Cytochemical analysis by 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining showed multiple nuclei. Consistently, actin patches of cells were evenly distributed in both the control and HM-1-treated spheroplasts. A similar enlargement of spheroplasts was observed with lipophilic antifungal compounds, aculeacin A and papulacandin B, but the effects were distinct from those of HM-1 because the spheroplasts resulted in lysis after a long incubation. The molecular mechanism(s) behind this unique observation remains to be studied, but it is clear that HM-1 is an excellent tool for studying yeast cell biology.

Round Shape Enlargement of the Yeast Spheroplast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by HM-1 Toxin.