English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Bromate, an inorganic oxyhalide disinfection by-product, is known to cause kidney damage, haemolysis and methaemoglobinemia. In potassium bromate (KBrO3)-treated mice (1.2 mmol/kg), elevation of methaemoglobin (MetHb) concentration in blood was observed simultaneously with an elevation of the NO concentration and attenuation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Renal oxidative stress and kidney damage were also confirmed in the KBrO3-treated mice. A pre-administered GPx-mimic ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one) dose-dependently diminished the KBrO3-induced changes in MetHb concentration and GPx activity. Renal oxidative stress and kidney damage caused by the KBrO3 administration were also dose-dependently suppressed by ebselen. On the other hand, ebselen did not suppress the KBrO3-induced elevation of the NO concentration. KBrO3-induced methaemoglobinemia, renal oxidative stress and kidney damage, consequently, seemed to result from the attenuation of GPx activity. Besides, the enhancement of NO production was not likely to be a result but a cause for the KBrO3-induced attenuation of GPx activity. In in vitro experiments, oxidation of human oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) to MetHb was observed in a reaction mixture containing HbO2 and an NO donor, NOC-7 (1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-3-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene) or SIN-1 (3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine), and this oxidation was inhibited by the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide). However, no MetHb formation was observed in a reaction mixture containing HbO2 and KBrO3. These results suggest that KBrO3-induced methaemoglobinemia results from the reduction of GPx activity in blood by the KBrO3-induced increases in superoxide, NO and ONOO-.

Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Potassium Bromate-Induced Elevation of Methaemoglobin Concentration in Mouse Blood.