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Bacitracin is an antibacterial cyclic dodecapeptide produced by Bacillus licheniformin. Besides antibacterial activity, it is reported to have a protease inhibitory activity and an absorption enhancing action. Here we determined the effects of bacitracin on transport of water-soluble dye fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran across the rat intestinal mucosal membrane using an electrophysiological technique. Bacitracin enhanced the intestinal mucosal-to-serosal transport of FITC-dextran in concentration-dependent and pH-dependent manners. In particular, the addition of bacitracin to the mucosal side led to a remarkable enhancement of FITC-dextran transport across the colonic membrane. Furthermore, its exhibition of transport enhancement required the existence of metal divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, in the mucosal compartment. Electrophysiological study using voltage-clamp technique revealed that a relatively lower concentration of bacitracin (5 mM) enhanced the transport of 6-carboxyfluorescein via a paracellular pathway in the colonic membrane and higher concentration of bacitracin (20 mM) affects both transcellular and paracellular routes, resulting in significant enhancement of 6-carboxyfluorescein across the colonic membrane. These findings might provide the useful information for enhancing the intestinal transport of poorly absorbable drugs by bacitracin which has multiple functions.

Electrophysiological Studies on the Mechanism for Enhanced Intestinal Transport of Water-Soluble Compounds by Antibiotic Peptide Bacitracin.