English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the causative agents of adult periodontitis, and has been reported to be internalized by nonphagocytic epithelial cells. However, the mechanism for the internalization remains unclear. In the present study, we addressed this issue using fluorescent beads coated with bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) that retain surface components of P. gingivalis. We established an assay system in which we could easily quantify the bead internalization to cells. MVs-coated beads were internalized by HeLa cells in kinetics similar to that of living bacteria. The internalization depended on dynamin but not clathrin. The beads were internalized through the actin-mediated pathway that is controlled by phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. The dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly was also required. Further, the treatment of cells with cholesterol-binding reagents significantly inhibited bead internalization, and the internalized beads were apparently colocalized with ganglioside GM1 and caveolin-1, which suggest the involvement of the lipid raft in the process. These results suggest that P. gingivalis accomplishes its internalization utilizing membrane lipid raft and cytoskeletal functions of the target cells.

Molecular Dissection of Internalization of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Cells using Fluorescent Beads Coated with Bacterial Membrane Vesicle