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Gene therapy has become one of the most promising ap- proaches for cancer treatment. The mechanism underlying the therapy starts by delivering the suicide gene into the target cells, followed by administering the prodrugs. The presence of the sui- cide gene in the target cells activates the prodrugs, such as nu- cleoside analogs, to form toxic metabolites, which then initiate the subsequent suicidal mechanism. The most intensively stud- ied suicide gene, HSV-1 TK (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase), can serve bi-functionally as both therapeutic and report- er genes in this system. 2 Moreover, in vivo gene expression of HSV-1 TK can be successfully monitored by imaging its sub- strate analog, usually a nucleoside analog. After being phos- phorylated by viral TK, the metabolite can be randomly incorpo- rated into elongating DNA chains by cellular enzymes. 3 The lo- calization of this event could be traced down by using a tagged nucleoside analog. Of the most excellent candidates for in vivo studies are which radiolabeled with positron emitters owing to their higher imaging quality and quantification capacity. For ex- ample, ( 124 I)FIAU (pyrimidine nucleoside) and ( 18 F)FHBG (pu- rine nucleoside) have been coupled with PET (positron emission tomography) to provide invaluable images (Scheme 1). 4,5

Synthesis of (E)-5-(2-Radioiodovinyl)arabinosyl Uridine Analog for Probing HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase Gene