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In the first section a summary is given of the main lines of argument leading to the conclusion that "Mendelian characters are determined by chromosomes." Some indication is given of the restrictions which must be placed on the meaning of this phrase in respect of the part played by the cytoplasm in heredity. It is concluded that the arguments in its favour, though very strong indirectly, are not supported by sufficient direct evidence to be regarded by themselves as indisputable. In the second section the chief classes of facts are reviewed which suggest a relation between chromosomes and sex-determination, and a preliminary account is given of a new case of an unpaired "sex-chromosome" in the female, in a strain of the moth Abraxas. It is concluded that the arguments for a relation between chromosomes and sex are much stronger than those counecting chromosomes with Mendelian factors. In the third section the facts of sex-limited inheritance are discussed; these are regarded as strongly reinforcing the arguments of the two preceding sections. Lastly, certain difficulties are considered, and it is concluded that sex cannot be determined directly by the presence or absence of a factor which merely determines whether an ovary or a testis shall develop, but that the determining factor causes a certain type of metabolism, which in turn leads to the production of one sex or the other. If such a metabolism is induced by other causes, an individual of one sex may probably arise from gametes which, in the absence of disturbing causes, would have given rise to the other sex.

journal of cell science

Chromosomes, Heredity and Sex: A Review of the Present State of the Evidence with regard to the Material Basis of Hereditary Transmission and Sex-Determination