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The study of vegetation fluctuations gives valuable information towardeffective land use and development. We consider this problem for the EastAfrican region based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)series from satellite remote sensing data collected between 1982 and 2006 over8-kilometer grid points. We detect areas with significant increasing ordecreasing monotonic vegetation changes using a multiple testing procedurecontrolling the mixed directional false discovery rate (mdFDR). Specifically,we use a three-stage directional Benjamini--Hochberg (BH) procedure with provenmdFDR control under independence and a suitable adaptive version of it. Theperformance of these procedures is studied through simulations before applyingthem to the vegetation data. Our analysis shows increasing vegetation in theNorthern hemisphere as well as coastal Tanzania and generally decreasingSouthern hemisphere vegetation trends, which are consistent with historicalevidence.

Applying multiple testing procedures to detect change in East African vegetation