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The postoperative beneficial effects of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) within various clinical pathways are well documented. However, intraoperative data are lacking on the effect of different epidurally administered concentrations of local anesthetics on inhaled anesthetic, fluid and vasopressor requirement, and hemodynamic changes. We performed this study among patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery under combined TEA and general anesthesia.

anesthesia and analgesia/anesthesia and analgesia

Epidural Ropivacaine Concentrations for Intraoperative Analgesia During Major Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study