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There has been a progressive increase in the number of patients aged 65 years and over presenting for single or multiple anesthetics. In order to provide adequate care, a clear understanding of the physiological changes that occur with aging is needed. This review will examine the literature dealing with the effects of aging on pulmonary physiology and discuss their clinical implications as follows: mechanical properties of the lungs, gas exchange, control of breathing, and postoperative lung function. Because smoking, obesity, and chronic heart disease adversely affect lung function, the effects of these diseases also will be examined. There are no longitudinal studies in the literature that examine all aspects of lung function. Therefore, we gathered data pertaining to different age groups and used regression analysis limiting extrapolation beyond the range of ages in any particular study.

Influence of Aging on Lung Function-Clinical Significance of Changes from Age Twenty