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Objective  To validate a previously discovered microRNA (miRNA) panel in the CSF of patients with MS, we now tested the diagnostic value of CSF-derived candidate miRNAs in a case-control study in a larger MS cohort.    Methods  The levels of miR-181c, miR-633, and miR-922 were analyzed in the CSF of 218 patients with MS and 211 patients with other neurologic diseases (OND) by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.    Results  CSF levels of both miR-181c ( p  &lt; 0.001 and miR-633  p  &lt; 0.001) were higher in patients with MS patients compared with patients with OND. Both miR-181c (area under the curve [AUC] 0.75, 95% CI 0.70–0.80,  p  &lt; 0.001) and miR-633 (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.83,  p  &lt; 0.001) differentiated MS from OND. Combining both miRNAs yielded a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 89% to differentiate MS from OND. miR-922 was not confirmed to be differentially expressed in this validation cohort.    Conclusions  The results of this so far largest study on CSF-based miRNAs confirm the diagnostic value of miR-181c and miR-633 for MS. The present study may help to extend the diagnostic tools for patients with suspected MS and may add further knowledge to the pathology of the disease.    Classification of Evidence  This study provides Class III evidence that CSF-derived miR-181c and miR-633 distinguish patients with MS from patients with OND.

Elevated levels of miR-181c and miR-633 in the CSF of patients with MS