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Objective  To determine the pathogenicity of a novel  POLG  mutation in a man with late-onset autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia using clinical, molecular, and biochemical analyses.    Methods  A multipronged approach with detailed neurologic examinations, muscle biopsy analyses, molecular genetic studies, and in vitro biochemical characterization.    Results  The patient had slowly progressive bilateral ptosis and severely reduced horizontal and vertical gaze. Muscle biopsy showed slight variability in muscle fiber size, scattered ragged red fibers, and partial cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Biallelic mutations were identified in the  POLG  gene encoding the catalytic A subunit of POLγ. One allele carried a novel mutation in the exonuclease domain (c.590T>C; p.F197S), and the other had a previously characterized null mutation in the polymerase domain (c.2740A>C; p.T914P). Biochemical characterization revealed that the novel F197S mutant protein had reduced exonuclease and DNA polymerase activities and confirmed that T914P was inactive. By deep sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extracted from muscle, multiple large-scale rearrangements were mapped and quantified.    Conclusions  The patient's phenotype was caused by biallelic  POLG  mutations, resulting in one inactive POLγA protein (T914P) and one with decreased polymerase and exonuclease activity (F197S). The reduction in polymerase activity explains the presence of multiple pathogenic large-scale deletions in the patient's mtDNA.

Deep sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and characterization of a novel POLG mutation in a patient with arPEO