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Diabetes is a growing health care issue, and prediabetes has been established as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is characterized by deregulated glucose control, and elucidating pathways which govern this process is critical. We have identified the wild-type (WT) p53-inducible phosphatase (WIP1) phosphatase as a regulator of glucose homeostasis. Initial characterization of insulin signaling in WIP1 knockout (WIP1(KO)) murine embryo fibroblasts demonstrated reduced insulin-mediated Ak mouse transforming activation. In order to assess the role of WIP1 in glucose homeostasis, we performed metabolic analysis on mice on a low-fat chow diet (LFD) and high fat diet (HFD). We observed increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in WIP1(KO) murine embryo fibroblasts, and WIP1(KO) mice fed a LFD and a HFD. WIP1(KO) mice exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin intolerance on a LFD and HFD. However, the effects of WIP1 deficiency cause different metabolic defects in mice on a LFD and a HFD. WIP1(KO) mice on a LFD develop hepatic insulin resistance, whereas this is not observed in HFD-fed mice. Mouse body weights and food consumption increase slightly over time in LFD-fed WT and WIP1(KO) mice. Leptin levels are increased in LFD-fed WIP1(KO) mice, compared with WT. In contrast, HFD-fed WIP1(KO) mice are resistant to HFD-induced obesity, have decreased levels of food consumption, and decreased leptin levels compared with HFD-WT mice. WIP1 has been shown to regulate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway, loss of which leads to increased inflammation. We propose that this increased inflammation triggers insulin resistance in WIP1(KO) mice on LFD and HFD.

Deficiency of the Tumor Promoter Genewip1Induces Insulin Resistance