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Context Diets high in plant-based protein have gained popularity due to increasing health concerns regarding consumption of animal products. Though links between intakes of certain protein-rich foods and reproductive disorders have been suggested, the relationship of overall animal and vegetable proteins with reproductive hormones among reproductive-aged women is unknown. Objective To evaluate the associations between the intake of dietary protein with reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation among reproductive-aged women. Design A prospective cohort study, 2005–2007. Setting University at Buffalo, western New York, United States. Participants A total of 259 premenopausal women (18–44 years) without dietary restrictions. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum reproductive hormones were determined up to 8 times per cycle for 2 cycles. Protein intake was assessed the day prior to hormone assessment at 4 visits/cycle using 24-hour recalls. Results Overall, 84% of participants met the recommended dietary allowance for total protein set for reproductive-aged women. Neither total nor animal protein intake were associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation. However, vegetable protein intake in the lowest tertile was associated with lower luteal phase progesterone (-18.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -30.2, -3.6), higher follicle-stimulating hormone (3.8%, 95% CI 0.2, 7.6), and a higher risk of anovulation (risk ratio [RR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.21, 5.26), compared with the middle tertile. Nuts and seeds were the only protein-rich foods associated with an elevated risk of anovulation (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.85). Conclusions Findings suggest that among women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable, but not animal, protein may disturb normal ovulatory function.

Low Intake of Vegetable Protein is Associated With Altered Ovulatory Function Among Healthy Women of Reproductive Age