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Two-dimensional plasma crystals are characterized by a strong up-and-downasymmetry not only due to gravity but also due to the presence of plasma flowat the location of particles. We study for the first time the interaction of asingle-layer plasma crystal with charged extra particles located above it(upstream of the flow of ions). Upstream extra particles tend to move betweenthe rows of particles in the crystal, accelerate to supersonic speeds, andexcite attraction-dominated Mach cones and wakes in the crystal.

Interaction of two-dimensional plasma crystals with upstream charged particles