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Recently, there has been some vigorous interest in the out-of-equilibriumquasistationary states (QSSs), with lifetimes diverging with the number N ofdegrees of freedom, emerging from numerical simulations of the ferromagnetic XYHamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) starting from some special initial conditions.Phase transitions have been reported between low-energy magnetized QSSs andlarge-energy unexpected, antiferromagnetic-like, QSSs with low magnetization.This issue is addressed here in the Vlasov N \rightarrow \infty limit. It isargued that the time-asymptotic states emerging in the Vlasov limit can berelated to simple generic time-asymptotic forms for the force field. Theproposed picture unveils the nature of the out-of-equilibrium phase transitionsreported for the ferromagnetic HMF: this is a bifurcation point connecting aneffective integrable Vlasov one-particle time-asymptotic dynamics to a partlyergodic one which means a brutal open-up of the Vlasov one-particle phasespace. Illustration is given by investigating the time-asymptotic value of themagnetization at the phase transition, under the assumption of a sufficientlyrapid time-asymptotic decay of the transient force field.

Unveiling the nature of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in a system with long-range interactions