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In pump-probe experiments an intensive laser pulse creates non-equilibriumexcited electron distributions in the first few hundred femtoseconds after thepulse. The influence of non-equilibrium electron distributions caused by a pumplaser on the apparent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) signal of Ni isinvestigated theoretically here for the first time, considering electrondistributions immediately after the pulse as well as thermalized ones, that arenot in equilibrium with the lattice or spin systems. The XMCD signal is shownnot to be simply proportional to the spin momentum in these situations. Thecomputed spectra are compared to recent pump-probe XMCD experiments on Ni. Wefind that the majority of experimentally observed features considered to be aproof of ultrafast spin momentum transfer to the lattice can alternatively beattributed to non-equilibrium electron distributions. Furthermore, we find theXMCD sum rules for the atomic spin and orbital magnetic moment to remain valid,even for the laser induced non-equilibrium electron distributions.

europhysics letters

Influence of laser-excited electron distributions on the x-ray magnetic  circular dichroism spectra: Implications for femtosecond demagnetization in  Ni