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Following the discovery of superconductivity in an iron-based arsenideLaO1-xFxFeAs with a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 26 K[1], Tcwas pushed up surprisingly to above 40 K by either applying pressure[2] orreplacing La with Sm[3], Ce[4], Nd[5] and Pr[6]. The maximum Tc has climbed to55 K, observed in SmO1-xFxFeAs[7, 8] and SmFeAsO1-x[9]. The value of Tc wasfound to increase with decreasing lattice parameters in LnFeAsO1-xFx (Ln standsfor the lanthanide elements) at an apparently optimal doping level. However,the F- doping in GdFeAsO is particularly difficult[10,11] due to the latticemismatch between the Gd2O2 layers and Fe2As2 layers. Here we report observationof superconductivity with Tc as high as 56 K by the Th4+ substitution for Gd3+in GdFeAsO. The incorporation of relatively large Th4+ ions relaxes the latticemismatch, hence induces the high temperature superconductivity.

Thorium-doping induced superconductivity up to 56 K in Gd1-xThxFeAsO